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The most common search engine for academic publications is Google Scholar (GS), which has access to millions of academic publications, BUT GS has not any quality assurance system of its own. Even the most extensive general search engines, such as Google, Yahoo!, Baidu, and Bing, cannot keep up with the proliferation of Web pages, and each leaves large portions uncovered (from Encyclopedia Britannica). Similarly, a user should be cognizant of whether a particular search engine auctions keywords, especially if sites that have paid for preferential placement are not indicated separately. Abuses of this voluntary labeling can distort search results if not taken into account when designing a search engine. Web sites often include their own labels on pages, which typically are seen only by crawlers, in order to improve the match between searches and their sites. Search engines use crawlers, programs that explore the Web by following hypertext links from page to page, recording everything on a page (known as caching), or parts of a page, together with some proprietary method of labeling content in order to build weighted indexes. These techniques can work well, but the user must still exercise skill in choosing appropriate combinations of search terms. Search engines try to identify reliable pages by weighting, or ranking, them according to the number of other pages that refer to them, by identifying “authorities” to which many pages refer, and by identifying “hubs” that refer to many pages. The Web is largely unorganized, and the information on its pages is of greatly varying quality, including commercial information, national databases, research reference collections, and collections of personal material. Most search engines allow the user to join terms with and, or, and not to refine queries. In databases that contain academic publications you will find quality assured publications, mainly research articles, but also conference publications, academic books and chapters from academic books and sometimes quality checked web sites.Ī Web search engine produces a list of “pages”-computer files listed on the Web-that contain the terms in a query. title, authors, abstract, keywords.) information they are often called bibliographic databases.
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Typically, the user provides a string of characters, and the computer searches the database for a corresponding sequence and provides the source materials in which those characters appear a user can request, for example, all records in which the contents of the field for a person’s last name is the word Smith." Since the databases used for searching academic publications most often contain bibliographic (i.e. The power of a DBMS comes from its ability to define new relationships from the basic ones given by the tables and to use them to get responses to queries. Queries are the main way users retrieve database information. Database records and files must be organized to allow retrieval of the information. A database management system (DBMS) extracts information from the database in response to queries.
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Databases are structured to facilitate the storage, retrieval, modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various data-processing operations. DatabasesĮncyclopedia Britannica gives the following general definition of database: "any collection of data, or information, that is organized for rapid search and retrieval by a computer. not always easy to fit into a specific category. There are different types of search tools.